: How quickly and intensely changes in one country affect another. For example, a sudden rise in oil prices immediately impacts all importing nations.
They provide a platform for rather than unilateral action. IV. Modern Challenges: The Virtual Age Power and Interdependence - Branislav L. Slantchev (UCSD) Power & Interdependence
The core of the "Power and Interdependence" framework, pioneered by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye , suggests that the traditional "Realist" view of international relations—where states are the only actors and military force is the primary currency of power—is increasingly insufficient in a globalised world. I. The Shift to Complex Interdependence : How quickly and intensely changes in one
As countries become more intertwined, they create —sets of rules, norms, and procedures that govern specific issue areas (like the World Trade Organization for trade). III. The Role of International Regimes
The less-dependent state often has more in negotiations.
: A state's ability to adjust and find alternatives over time. If a country can easily switch to solar power when oil prices rise, it is sensitive but not highly vulnerable. Bargaining Power
Power can be exercised by setting the (deciding what gets talked about) rather than just winning an argument. III. The Role of International Regimes