Old | Mature Black

These stands are known for their high structural diversity, even-aged stand development, and resilience in boreal landscape dynamics. 2. Old Mature Black Mangrove ( Avicennia germinans )

These forests are often over 80–160 years old, growing on thick mossy ground cover (Sphagnum). old mature black

They are vital for long-term carbon dioxide flux simulations, acting as major carbon sinks. These stands are known for their high structural

"Old mature black" refers to specialized, ecologically significant forest stands—often ( Picea mariana ) or black mangrove ( Avicennia germinans )—that have existed for a long time without major disturbance, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services. even-aged stand development