The physical components of a computer system, including central processing units (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (HDD/SSD), and peripherals like keyboards and monitors.

Current educational materials and test banks, such as those from or MTI , typically organize this topic into several thematic modules: Lesson 1: Introduction to Information Systems (IS) - MIS204

The collection of programs and instructions that enable hardware to perform specific tasks, including operating systems (OS), system utilities, and application software. Key Topics Covered in GDZ and Tests