Reproduction of natural coral reefs using 3D-printed concrete to support local ecosystems.
A notable project is the 4-meter-high freeform pillar in Aix-en-Provence, France, which used 3D printing to create an integrated formwork.
Papers such as "3D Printing Using Concrete Extrusion: A Roadmap for Research" (Buswell et al., 2018) are available as PDFs or plain text abstracts on HAL Open Archive and ResearchGate .
Detailed technical write-ups of their early 2018 pillars and structural tests can be found on Scribd .
For machine specifications, the European Patent Office provides downloadable bulletins containing their system designs. A specific patent document regarding their extruder?
Extrusion rates generally range from 50 mm/s to 500 mm/s , with nozzle diameters between 6 mm and 50 mm. Key Projects