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The document you are referring to, , is a scientific study published in PLoS ONE titled Chronic Exposure of Imidacloprid and Clothianidin Reduce Queen Survival, Foraging, and Nectar Storing in Colonies of Bombus impatiens.

: These findings highlight that current regulatory assessments may underestimate the risk of systemic insecticides by failing to account for chronic, season-long exposure. Drafting the Long Paper Download 91573 plus pdf

: Describe the 11-week greenhouse study where queenright colonies were fed sugar syrup containing varying concentrations of imidacloprid and clothianidin. Results & Discussion : The document you are referring to, , is

: While low doses (less than 10 ppb) typical of seed-treated crops did not immediately kill queens, higher doses (20 ppb to 100 ppb) commonly found in ornamental plants and certain spray-treated crops significantly increased queen mortality by the end of the study. Results & Discussion : : While low doses

: Sublethal exposure led to reduced nectar storage and diminished foraging activity, which can lead to colony collapse even if the bees do not die instantly.