Arq -

ARQ increases latency due to retransmissions, making it less suitable for real-time applications like VoIP.

Only the specific lost or corrupted frame is retransmitted, rather than the entire window. Pros: Highly efficient utilization of bandwidth.

An Adaptive Type-I1 hybrid ARQ/FEC Protocol - Clemson University ARQ increases latency due to retransmissions, making it

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ): Reliable Data Transmission 1. Introduction

combines traditional ARQ with Forward Error Correction (FEC) . The receiver attempts to correct small errors using error-correcting codes; if the error is too great, a retransmission is requested. This approach, specifically Type-II Hybrid ARQ , provides a more efficient approach in poor radio conditions, optimizing throughput. 6. Conclusion An Adaptive Type-I1 hybrid ARQ/FEC Protocol - Clemson

) before needing an ACK. If a frame is lost, the receiver discards all subsequent frames, and the sender must retransmit all frames starting from the lost one. Better utilization than Stop-and-Wait. Cons: High retransmission overhead in poor channels. 3.3. Selective Repeat ARQ (SR)

The receiver sends an ACK to confirm the successful receipt of a packet. This approach, specifically Type-II Hybrid ARQ , provides

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