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Traditional training data can lead to hallucinations or biased outputs, particularly in socio-economically diverse content.

The extraction of visual information using models like CNNs or Vision Transformers. 126287

The review highlights the primary obstacles currently facing researchers in the field: Traditional training data can lead to hallucinations or

The field is shifting toward Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to provide better reasoning and generative flexibility. Community Perspectives 126287

“Modern deep learning-based approaches have supplanted traditional approaches in image captioning, leading to more efficient and sophisticated models.” ScienceDirect.com